U.S. NFIB Small Business Optimism Index (January 2026)

Small Business Optimism broadly unchanged in January, holds above long-term average

• The NFIB’s Small Business Optimism Index came in at 99.3 in January, only a touch below its December reading of 99.5. The uncertainty index rose by 7 points to 91 (back to its November 2025 level), with a rise in owners reporting uncertainty about 'whether it is a good time to expand' being the main driver.  
• Of the ten subcomponents in the index, seven deteriorated and three improved on the month. Most declines were modest, with the most noticeable a 3-point pullback in expectations about an improvement in the economy (to 21%). On the other hand, the net percent of owners expecting higher real sales over the next three months rose 6 points to 16% - the highest level in a year.
• The employment indicators mostly trended lower, with plans to increase employment (-1 point to 16%), current job openings (-2 points to 31%), and quality of labor concerns (-3 points to 16%) all pulling back on the month. However, actual hiring appeared to have improved a touch, with the share of firms with an increase in employment over the last three months rising into shallow positive territory for the first time since April. 
• Inflation concerns held steady at 12% for the second month in a row – this as the share of firms raising average selling prices fell 4 points to 26%. However, the share of firms planning to raise prices over the coming months rose 4 points to 32%, one of the higher readings in the last three years. Moving above inflation concerns, were concerns about "the cost or availability of insurance" (up 4 points to 13% – the highest level since late 2018).

Key Implications

• Small business optimism remained slightly above its long-term average at the start of this year but failed to make additional headway as uncertainty – especially related to business expansion efforts – picked up in January. Sifting through the details of the report, improving trends with respect to actual hiring and expectations about higher real sales offer some encouragement. 
• Subsiding 'quality of labor' concerns mark another positive aspect of the report. But small businesses continue to be challenged in other areas – something that is thought to be keeping a lid on business sentiment. To this end, inflation concerns, while steady, are still elevated. Additionally, rising concerns about the cost and availability of insurance highlights another emerging pain point.         

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